1)      Three direct quotations

2)      Stated, saying, according to

B.      

1)      Dr. Yixuan Ma, a well-known Astrophysicist who has been studying black holes, said “it is one of the most interesting phenomena,” we astrophysicists have ever studied.

2)      As she explained,” in black holes the laws of nature do not seem to apply.”

3)      A black hole is a tiny point with the mass 25 times. The mass of our sun explained Ma’s associate, Chun-Yi Su. Black holes are created by the death of a very large star she stated.

4)      It is an invisible vacuum cleaner in space, she added with tremendous gravitational pull.

5)      According to Dr. Su, “If a person falls into a black hole”, “he will eventually be crushed due to tremendous gravitational forces.”

C.     han  having their parents do it for them. (Past perfect).

Another example: He estimated that about half of indolink ads were placed by marriage seekers themselves, rather than by family.

D.     

1)      Television channel KSA General Manager Jim Burns said that not everyone can attend college in the traditional way; therefore, taking course via television will offer many more students the chance to earn a college degree.

2)      Pre-med student Alma Rodriguez said that he miss being on campus, but he have to work and take care of my family.”

3)      Other students said that last year, they spent several hours a day commuting to and from school. Now they don’t have to do that.

4)      Computer engineering student Amir Mehdizadeh stated that he could choose when to study and how to study without pressure. He also said that he would two more telecourses in the fall.

Paraphrase:

           On the seventeenth – century there is no more five hundred of French Mathematician and Philosopher to make unnatural language to use. The goodest so far is Esperanto. It is a language that build at the end of nineteenth century by Dr. Zamenhof of Poland. Esperanto is very easy to use, because containing English, German, romance, Latin and Greek.

           Nowadays, the international part is Interlingua, scientifically build by community of language competence out of Latin, the romance language and English. However, Esperanto has a big body of people who totally speak it and passing into the world, Interlingua does not get much familiarity (Pei 175-176).

1.      Notes:

A.    New human-created languages have been opposed.

1.      These new languages are regarded as temporary language.

2.      The new human-created languages are looked like presented only for American and European people.

2.      Paraphrase:

      The new human-created languages, such as Interlingua and Esperanto have been opposed because they are considered  as temporary language. The other reason for this opposition is that those language looked like presented only for American and European people. Interlingua and Esperanto are not suitable used for Slavic, Asiatic, and African (Pei 176).

B.

1).

Americans

            Even American has different culture, they managed to absorb a little and slice of many cultures and arrange them into a unique culture. We can pick out American in the world. Most of them are openness, friendliness, informality, optimism, creativity, loudness and vitality (Hall and Hall 140).

2)

A beliefs and behavior in American and European

            American has a dense schedule’s except relaxation. This is totally true for American executive who waste their time very hard. American have a little holiday than European, because when we compare with German and French executives, American executives are working very hard. In contrast, Europeans does not work on weekends. It is caused by they focus on their time for family.

               

                Esperanto is a language constructed by Dr. Zamenhof from Poland in the beginning of twenty century. It is derived from English, German, Romance, Latin, and Greek. The constructed language is Interlingua. It is discovered by experts out of Romance, English, and Latin. However, the most popular of those two constructed language is Esperanto (Pei 175-176).

2.                                                                   Artificial Languages – Objections

                The constructed languages such as Esperanto and Interlingua have disapproved because they have not expanded over a period of many centuries. They are also considered appropriate only for the western European and American nations, not for Slavic, Asiatic, and Africans (Pei 176).

                There are three factors caused the rising of shyness of Americans according to Professor Philip G. Zimbardo from Stanford University. First, the automation makes many of Americans have more small opportunity for social contact. Second, the innovation in personal computers and home electronic entertainment decreases social interaction. Third, the changing nature of family life and rising fear of crime are shutting people off from each other (qtd. In Epstein A10).